Tropics form a belt around the equator from latitude 3 degrees north to latitude 3 degrees south, which is called the Intertropical Convergence Zone. If you have any query regarding Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Notes, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest. Representative deserts include the Sahara Desert in North Africa, the Australian Desert, Arabian Desert and Syrian Desert in Western Asia, the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa, Sonoran Desert in the United States and Mexico, Mojave Desert in the United States, Thar Desert in India and Pakistan, Dasht-e Margo and Registan Desert in Afghanistan and Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Loot in Iran. Tropical deserts are located in regions between 5 and 30 degrees latitude. In addition to these extreme environmental and climate conditions, most tropical deserts are covered with sand and rocks, and thus too flat and lacking in vegetation to block out the wind. The change in the type of natural vegetation occurs mainly because of … Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Class 7 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 6 SST Pdf free download is part of Class 7 Social Science Notes for Quick Revision. [8] Other animals, such as wolf spiders and scorpions, have a thick outer covering that minimizes moisture loss. If wind speed exceeds 80 km/h, it can generate dust storms and sandstorms and erode the rocky surface. It also depends on factors such as slope and thickness of soil. The changes in the type of natural vegetation occur mainly because of the changes in climatic condition. Representative landforms include depressions and pans, Yardangs, inverted topography and ventifacts. Aquatic Ecosystems. Feedback mechanisms also play a significant role in the process of enlarging the pan; salts are left as water accumulates in depressions, which inhibits sedimentation due to weather and the growth of vegetation in the future. [8], Another adaption is the development of extremely long roots that allow the flora to acquire moisture at the water table. Mediterranean Vegetation is found around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe. Savannah grasslands of Africa present a suitable example of these types of grasslands. The richest cache of sodium nitrate is located in South America; approximately 3 million metric tons were mined during World War I. Landforms caused by wind erosion vary greatly in characteristics and size. [7], Inverted topography forms in areas previously at a low elevation, such as deltaic distributary systems and river systems. that grow naturally without the interference of human beings are called natural vegetation. Thorny bushes are found in the dry deserts. Subsiding air from dominant high pressure areas in a cloud-free sky can also lead to large amounts of insolation; a cloudless sky enables day temperature to escape rapidly at night. NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE 47 Figure 5.7 : Mangrove Forests Montane Forests In mountainous areas, the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude leads to the corresponding change in natural vegetation. NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Seal, walruses, musk-oxen, Arctic owl etc. We have Provided Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Class 9 Geography MCQs Questions with Answers to help students understand the concept … We hope the given Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Class 7 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 6 SST Pdf free download will help you. Taiga. Additionally, as the distance from the moisture source increases, the aridity increases. Mediterranean vegetation is mainly comprised of citrus fruits such as oranges, figs, olives and grapes. [8] They also have specific ways to store water and prevent water from leaving their bodies. [11], "Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS)", "Blue Planet Biomes - Sonoran Desert Toad", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_desert&oldid=1006974415, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 February 2021, at 20:43. Aquatic ecosystems are classified into two subgroups: 1) Freshwater ecosystems, such as rivers, lakes and ponds; 2) Marine ecosystems, such as oceans, estuary and mangroves. There are two types of eolian process: deflation and abrasion. Polar regions are cold and their natural vegetation is limited here. [3], Precipitation is very irregular in tropical deserts. Their length-to-width ratios range from 3:1 to 10:1; this is determined by the wind direction, duration of exposure to wind and rock material. [11], Tropical deserts have various semi-precious and precious gemstones. It is also used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, dyes, explosives flares and enamels. Furthermore, some desert plants exhibit behavioural adaption; for instance, some flora live for only one season or one year, and desert perennials can survive by staying dormant during extremely dry periods; when the environment receives more moisture, they become active again. Types of Natural Vegetation. Forests may be dense and open. The Sahara Desert is located in the northern portion of Africa and covers over 3,500,000 square miles (9,000,000 sq km) or roughly 10% of the continent. For instance, a lack of water and vegetation on the ground can enhance the absorption of the heat due to insolation. It means pure or untouched in the Russian language. These are found in areas with scanty rain and scorching heat. With the reduction in leaf area, the stem develops as a major photosynthetic structure, which is also responsible for storing water. Animals like elephants, zebras, giraffes, dear are commonly found here. Coniferous Forests are found in areas along the Taiga. Natural vegetation means the plants that grow naturally without human interference. This affects both erosional processes and depositional processes in pans. and animals like deer, foxes, wolves are common in these forests. source. Specifically, temperatures in a low elevation inland desert can reach 40°C to 50°C during the day, and drop to approximately 5°C at night; the daily range is around 30 to 40°C. In these forests both hard and softwood trees such as oak, pine, eucalyptus, etc. They are also found in the higher altitudes. The growth of natural vegetation depends on temperature and moisture. [7], Pans are widespread in southern and western Australia, southern Africa and the high plains of the United States deserts. The trees are tall, softwood evergreen trees. Caatinga (Portuguese pronunciation: [ka.ɐˈtʃĩɡɐ], locally [ka.aˈtĩɡɐ]) is a type of desert vegetation, and an ecoregion characterized by this vegetation in interior northeastern Brazil.The name "Caatinga" is a Tupi word meaning "white forest" or "white vegetation" (caa = forest, vegetation, tinga = white).. [8], In addition to the protection provided by spines, chemical defences are also very common. Natural vegetation means the plants that grow naturally without human interference. Grasslands are found in the regions of moderate rainfall. Tropical Grasslands occurs on either side of the equator and extend till the tropics. The, classic forms are streamlined and elongated ridges; they may also appear with flat tops or with stubby and short profiles. Although tropical deserts are considered to be harsh and barren, they are in fact important sources of natural resources and plays a significant role in economic development. are common here. These minerals are created when the water in desert lakes evaporates. The following are the principal types of natural vegetation in India: (1) Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests, (2) Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests, (3) Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs, (4) Semi Desert and Desert Vegetation… Environment is very extreme. Mediterranean vegetation is mostly found in the areas around the Mediterranean sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. Precious gemstones such as diamonds are used in jewellery and decoration. Moreover, some other animals in deserts including coyote, desert bighorn sheep, desert kangaroo rat, desert tortoise, javelina and Mojave rattlesnake, cougar. Grasslands include tropical and temperate grasslands. First, deflation may cause the light lowering of ground surface, leading to deflation hollows, plains, basins, blowouts, wind-eroded plains and parabolic dunes. In some deserts Mojave aster, ocotillo, organ pipe cactus and pancake prickly pear cactus can be found. Check the below NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife with Answers Pdf free download. The factors responsible for pans include a vegetation-free surface and low humidity, a low water table and poorly consolidated sediment, and a huge amount of fine-grained sandstone and shale. Tropical Deciduous Forests are monsoon forests which shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water. Tropical Grassland of Africa is called Savannah. 4. This phenomenon causes an extremely large daily temperature range. that grow naturally without human interference constitute natural vegetation. Representative minerals include borax, sodium nitrate, sodium, iodine, calcium, bromine, and strontium compounds. Desert plants grow slowly as less photosynthesis takes place, allowing them to invest more in defence. As a result of the scarcity of water, most animals in these regions get their water from eating succulent plants and seeds, or from the tissues and blood of their prey. [1], Another significant determinant of tropical desert climate is the presence of subtropical high pressure throughout the year; this involves dry and hot descending air cells named Hadley cells. Temperate deciduous forests are found in the northeastern part of USA, China, New Zealand and Chile. Common animals are buffaloes, bison, antelopes etc. The Washington coast even has a cool, wet rain forest. Grasslands: They grow in the region of moderate rain. [11], Sodium nitrate forms through the evaporation of water in desert areas. Therefore the growth of natural vegetation is very limited here. These areas have distinct types of plants, soil, and weather patterns.Vegetation regions can be divided into five major types: forest, grassland, tundra, desert, and ice sheet. Tropical evergreen forests also known as tropical rainforests are very dense and are found in the regions near the equator and close to the tropics. Give cm account of the natural vegetation and wildlife found in the polar regions. Forests grow where temperature and rainfall are plentiful to support a tree cover. Thorny bushes are found in the dry desert-like regions. Only mosses, lichens and very small shrubs are found here. Animals such as silver fox, mink, polar bear are common here. The average annual precipitation in low latitude deserts is less than 250 mm. Natural vegetation can be categorised into three categories namely; forest, grassland and desert. Forests may be dense and open. Natural vegetation: Trees, grass, lichens, mosses, etc. The environment in tropical deserts is harsh as well as barren; only certain plants and animals with special behavioral and physical mechanisms can live there. This is called Tundra type of vegetation. Answer: c (ii) Thorny bushes are found in: (a) Hot and humid tropical climate (b) Hot and dry desert climate (c) Cold polar climate. [11], Borax is a natural cleaner and freshener, also known as a detergent booster. [10], Rich and sometimes unique mineral resources are located in tropical deserts. Hardwood trees such as rosewood, ebony, mahogany are common here. This is due to special geological processes, and climate factors in the desert can preserve and enhance mineral deposits. Coniferous forests are also known as Traga. Answer: Polar regions are extremely cold. Temperate Grasslands are in mid-latitudes and are called prairies, steppes, etc. Tropical heat generates unstable air in this area, and air masses become extremely dry due to the loss of moisture during the process of tropical ascent. No significant populations can survive in tropical deserts due to extreme aridity, heat and the paucity of vegetation; only specific flora and fauna with special behavioral and physical mechanisms are supported. Some animals live in burrows under the ground which are not too hot and relatively humid; they stay in their burrows during the heat of the day, and only come out to seek food at night. They shed their leaves in dry seasons. Tropical grasslands grow in the areas of moderate to low amount of rainfall. 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Furthermore, paloverde, saguaro cactus, soaptree yucca, cholla guera, triangle-leaf bursage, tumbleweed and velvet mesquite can also be found in these regions. Tropical Evergreen Forests are those which occur in the region near the equator and close to the tropics. Yardangs usually develop in arid regions, predominantly due to wind, processes. [2], Tropical deserts have the highest average daily temperature on the planet, as both the energy input during the day and the loss of heat at night are large. As such, there is a succession of natural vegetation belts in the same order as we see from the tropical to the tundra region. Aquatic ecosystems refer to plant and animal communities occurring in water bodies. Representative dunes include dome dunes, transverse dunes, barchans, star dunes, shadow dunes, linear dunes and longitudinal dunes. Chir, pine, cedar is an important variety of trees in these forests. Vegetation is mixed, including dense forests of broad-leafed deciduous trees, needle-leafed evergreens, and giant California redwoods. [6], A desert depression is caused by polygenetic factors such as wind erosion, broad shallow warping and block faulting, stream erosion, karst activity, salt weathering mass wasting, and zoogenic processes; representative examples are the large enclosed basins in Africa, such as Farafra, Baharia, Dakhla, Qattara, Siwa and Kargha. These forests are found in the higher latitudes of Northern hemisphere. Trees like oak, ash, beech etc. Only mosses, lichens and veiy small shrubs are found here. They shed their leaves in the dry season. Wind may erode and transport sand, rocks and other materials; these are known as eolian processes. Forests grow where temperature and rainfall are plentiful to support a tree cover. The change in the type of natural vegetation occurs mainly because of the changes of climatic conditions. A common example is the cactus, which has a specific means of storing and conserving water, along with few or no leaves to minimize transpiration. Examples of these animals include kangaroo rats and lizards. [10], Representative fauna in tropical deserts include the armadillo lizard, banded Gila monster, bobcat, cactus wren and cactus ferruginous pygmy owl. There are various kinds of dune in tropical deserts. Some common semi-precious gemstones including chalcedony, opal, quartz, turquoise, jade, amethyst, petrified wood, and topaz. Natural vegetation is classified into three categories—forests, grasslands and shrubs. MCQ Questions for Class 9 Social Science with Answers were prepared based on the latest exam pattern. Tropical deserts are located in both continental interiors and coastal areas between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. They have the highest average monthly temperature on Earth. Although some gemstones can also be found in temperate zones throughout the world, turquoise can only be found in tropical deserts. Boric acid is derived from borax and can be used to manufacture agricultural chemicals such as herbicide and insecticide, It is also used widely in fire retardants, glass, ceramics, water softeners, pharmaceuticals, paint, enamel, cosmetics and coated paper. Vegetation found in the polar regions is called Tundra type of vegetation. Shrubs: These consists of thorny shrubs and scrubs. are found. [4] Therefore, wind plays an important role in shaping various landforms. Billions of dollars of borax has been mined in the northern Mojave Desert since 1881. The grass is usually short here. [5] Second, the eolian process leads to abrasion, which forms special landforms with a significant undercut.[5]. Various landforms are found in tropical deserts due to different kinds of eolian process. Temperate evergreen forests are commonly found along the eastern margin of the continents. [9], For fauna, the easiest way is to stay away from the surface of the tropical deserts as much as possible to avoid the heat and aridity. Forests are of six types: Tropical Evergreen, Tropical Deciduous, Temperate Evergreen, Temperate Deciduous, Mediterranean Vegetation, and Coniferous forests. [7], Yardangs can be observed in orbital and aerial images of Mars and Earth. Scientists divide the Earth’s land into what are called vegetation regions. Some deserts do not have rainfall all year round, because they are located far from the ocean. They are of two types—Tropical Grasslands, which have tall coarse grass, and Temperate Grasslands. This phenomenon is known as the eolian process. They are the world's primary energy source and exist in viscous, solid, liquid or gaseous forms. This is called tundra type vegetation. High-pressure cells and high temperatures can also increase the level of aridity.[3]. Natural vegetation can be categorised into three categories namely; forest, grassland and desert. Additionally, it is also common to see crimson hedgehog, cactus, common saltbush and desert ironwood, fairy duster, Joshua tree. It was the earliest food preservative, and is still used today to cure fish and meat to produce bacon, ham, sausage and deli meats. Here, vegetation cover is scarce because of poor rain and scorching heat. They grow during the very short summer. Specifically, Hadley cells dry out the air and inhibit condensation. For flora, general adaptations including transforming leaves into spines to protect themselves. Rainfall is sporadic; precipitation may not be observed at all in a few years. Temperate grasslands are found in the mid-latitudinal zones and in the interior part of the continents. Forests: They grow where temperature and rainfall are plentiful to support a tree cover. Wind greatly contributes to aridity in tropical deserts. They are found in the large part of India, Northern Australia and in Central America. Here we have given Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Notes. Answer: b (iii) In tropical evergreen forest, one of the common animals is: (a) Monkey (b) Giraffe (c) Camel. (a) Desert Vegetation (b) Tropical evergreen forest (c) Tundra vegetation. Anaconda: It is one of the world’s largest snakes found in the tropical rainforest. The milder, dry, and tropical climates of North America are found south of Tropical heat generates unstable air in this area, and air masses become extremely dry due to the loss of moisture during the process of tropical ascent. Relative humidity is very low – only 10% to 30% in interior locations. The five largest oil fields are in Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Kuwait. Turquoise is a very valuable and popular opaque gemstone, with a beautiful blue-green or sky-blue colour and exquisite veins. Trees like sal, teak, neem and shisham are found here. The largest petroleum-producing region in the world is the Arabian Desert. Overall, different tropical deserts have different species, for example, Sonoran Desert toad, Sonoran pronghorn antelope are typical animals in Sonoran Desert. The major landforms are dunes, depressions and pans, yardangs, and inverted topography. Differences in Climate and Vegetation. Temperate Deciduous Forests are those which shed their leaves in the dry season. For example, some valuable metallic minerals, such as gold, silver, iron, zinc, and uranium, are found in Western Desert in Australia. Animals in tropical deserts have also been found to concentrate their urine in their kidneys to excrete less water. [8], Representative desert plants include the barrel cactus, brittlebush, chain fruit cholla, creosote. They are left at higher relief due to their relative resistance to wind erosion. Mosses, lichens and very small Shrubs are found in cold regions. Short and nutritious grass in found here. [11], Most major kinds of mineral deposits formed by groundwater are located in the deserts. Answer: a Temperate Evergreen Forests are located in the mid-latitudinal coastal region. Trees, grass, lichen, mosses, etc. [3], There are some other reasons for significant changes in temperature in tropical deserts. Inverted topography is frequently observed in yardang fields, such as raised channels in Egypt, Oman and China and on Mars.[7]. [11], Natural gas and oil are complex hydrocarbons that formed millions of years ago from the decomposition of animals and plants. Tropical deciduous forests are monsoon forests.
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